> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/elasticsearch/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hezhiqiang.gitbook.io/elasticsearch/search/multi_index_multi_type.md).

# 多索引多类型

你是否注意到了《空白搜索》一章节的文档中包含了很多不同的类型 —— `user`与`tweet`，它们也分别来自`us`、`gb`这两个不同的索引？

当我们没有特别指定一个索引或者类型的时候，我们将会搜索整个集群中的**所有**文档。Elasticsearch会把搜索请求转发给集群中的每一个主从分片，然后按照结果的相关性得到前十名，并将它们返回给我们。

然而，往往我们只需要在某一个特定的索引的几个类型中进行搜索。我们可以通过在URL中定义它来实现这个功能：

| URL                         | 说明                                         |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| `/_search`                  | 搜索所有的索引和类型                                 |
| `/gb/_search`               | 搜索索引`gb`中的所有类型                             |
| `/gb,us/_search`            | 搜索索引`gb`以及`us`中的所有类型                       |
| `/g*,u*/_search`            | 搜索所有以`g`或`u`开头的索引中的所有类型                    |
| `/gb/user/_search`          | 搜索索引`gb`中类型`user`内的所有文档                    |
| `/gb,us/user,tweet/_search` | 搜索索引`gb`和 索引`us`中类型`user`以及类型`tweet`内的所有文档 |
| `/_all/user,tweet/_search`  | 搜索所有索引中类型为`user`以及`tweet`内的所有文档            |

当你在一个索引中搜索的时候，Elasticsearch或将你的搜索请求转发给相应索引中的所有主从分片，然后收集每一个分片的结果。在多个索引中搜索也是相同的流程，只不过是增加了一些参与分片。

> ## 重要提示

搜索一个拥有五个主分片的索引与搜索五个都只拥有一个主分片是**完全一样**的。

在后面，你将会了解到如何利用这一点，来根据你的需要灵活打造系统。


---

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