# 镜像
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> **Docker 镜像** 是一个特殊的文件系统，除了提供容器运行时所需的程序、库、资源、配置等文件外，还包含了一些为运行时准备的一些配置参数（如匿名卷、环境变量、用户等）。镜像 **不包含** 任何动态数据，其内容在构建之后也不会被改变。
## 常用的 docker镜像相关指令[](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#%E5%9B%9B%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84-docker%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4)
### 下载镜像(pull)[](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#1%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8Fpull)
```
docker pull ubuntu:20.04 # 指定版本下载
docker pull ubuntu # 不指定默认下载最新版本
```
### 上传镜像(push）[](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#2%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8Fpush)
**docker push : 将本地的镜像上传到镜像仓库,要先登陆到镜像仓库**
**语法：**[****](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95-7)
```
docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
```
**示例：**[****](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B-7)
上传本地镜像myapache:v1到镜像仓库中。
```
docker push myapache:v1
```
### 查看本地镜像列表(ls)[](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#3%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8ls)
```
docker images
docker image ls
```
### 导出镜像(save)[](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#4%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8Fsave)
```
docker save ubuntu:20.04 -o docker.ubuntu:20.04.tar
```
### 导入镜像(load)[](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#5%E5%AF%BC%E5%85%A5%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8Fload)
```
docker image load -i docker.ubuntu:20.04.tar
```
### 删除镜像(rm)[](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#6%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8Frm)
```
docker image rm 镜像ID
```
**注意事项：**
> ```
> (1)可以基于镜像的ID来删除指定的镜像文件，当然，也可以基于镜像名称和TAG编号一起删除;
> (2)很明显"docker image rm"有"docker rmi","docker remove"多个别名哟;
> (3)使用"docker rm"删除的是容器哟，而非镜像;
> (4)想要批量删除镜像，可以先停止docker服务，然后将"/var/lib/docker/*"目录全部删除，这意味着对docker进行初始化操作，因为它意味着删除了所有数据，该操作是不可逆的。
> ```
### 镜像打标签(tag)[](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#7%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E6%89%93%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BEtag)
**docker tag : 标记本地镜像，将其归入某一仓库。**
**语法：**[****](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95-8)
```
docker tag [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]
```
**示例：**[****](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B-8)
将镜像ubuntu:15.10标记为 runoob/ubuntu:v3 镜像。
```
docker tag ubuntu:15.10 runoob/ubuntu:v3
docker images runoob/ubuntu:v3
```
### 清除无效镜像(prune)[](https://www.bkunyun.com/helpce/docs/2030/about1#8%E6%B8%85%E9%99%A4%E6%97%A0%E6%95%88%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8Fprune)
> 无效的镜像指的就是没有镜像名称和标签的。
```
docker image prune
```
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